Ngā Tohutohu
ʻO ke aloha nō ka mea nui!
Hūi! Aloha mai kākou. ʻO au ʻo Kamealoha a ʻo Hiʻilei koʻu makuahine (ʻo ia ka māhoe o Hiʻikua). ʻO Nāleialoha lāua ʻo Kaleopaʻa koʻu mau kūpuna. No Nānākuli mai lāua, akā, noho māua me koʻu makuahine ma Kahuku. Aloha au i nā pali koʻolau!
I ka Pōʻaono, hele aku māua me koʻu makuahine i kahakai ma Haleʻiwa. ʻAuʻau nō māua i ke kai a aʻo mai nō hoʻi koʻu makuahine i ka heʻe nalu iaʻu. Ma hope iho, ʻai māua i ka haukōhi! ʻOno loa ia! Aloha au i ka hopena pule!
ʻO kēia kaikamahine koʻu hoa hānau ʻo ʻOnipaʻa. No Maui mai ʻo ia. Noho ʻo ia i Pāʻia ma Maui me kona ʻohana. ʻO Laniākea kona makua kāne (ʻo ia nō ke kaikunāne o koʻu makuahine). I ke kau wela, kipa mai ʻo ʻOnipaʻa iā mākou ma Oʻahu nei. ʻOluʻolu loa ʻo ʻOnipaʻa a pāʻani nui māua. Aloha nō au iā ia!
I ke kau wela, mālama koʻu mau kūpuna i ka pāʻina nui loa ma Nānākuli. Kālua nā kāne i ka puaʻa nunui, ke kalo, a me ka ʻuala nō hoʻi. Ma hope iho, pule koʻu tūtūwahine a ʻai pū mākou. ʻOno loa ka mea ʻai! Ma ka pāʻina, hoʻokani pila nā mākua, kūkākūkā nā kūpuna, a pāʻani nā kamaliʻi. Aloha nui au i koʻu ʻohana!!
Ka Pilina ʻŌlelo
1. Ka Pilina ʻŌlelo Haʻina
This grammatical structure is similar that we saw in Haʻawina #7 (with baby Kaleonui), however, now we are going to focus more on the activities that people and things engage in, such as eating, sleeping, driving, going, returning, etc. Initially, we will only be learning the most basic form of this structure in which no time, tense or aspect are included. Rather, these are activities that are done on a regular basis.
Heʻenalu koʻu makuahine. My mother surfs.
Holo nā keiki. The children run.
Hiamoe ʻo Kanoe. Kanoe sleeps.
In Hawaiian, the action being engaged in is the most important idea and therefore is the Manaʻo Haʻi of the sentence. Secondary to this is who (or what) is doing that action, which is the Kumu Haʻi.
Manaʻo Haʻi Kumu Haʻi
Heʻenalu koʻu makuahine. Heʻenalu koʻu makuahine.
Holo au. Holo au.
Hiamoe ʻo Kanoe. Hiamoe ʻo Kanoe.
All haʻi inoa laulā must be preceded by a pili mua
(ka, ke, nā, kēia, kēnā, kēlā, koʻu, kou, kona).
2. Hune Wahi – Directionals
It is also common in Hawaiian that Hune Wahi (mai, aku, aʻe, iho) are used to show direction and movement, as well as time. Initially, we will learn about direction and movement.
Manaʻo Haʻi Kumu Haʻi
Hele mai ʻo Pua. Hele mai ʻo Pua
Pua comes.
Hele aku ʻo Pua. Hele aku ʻo Pua
Pua goes.
Hoʻi aku lākou. Hoʻi aku lākou
They (3+) return (away).
Piʻi aʻe ke keiki. Piʻi aʻe ke keiki
The child climbs up.
Noho iho ʻo ia. Noho iho au
He sits down.
3. Haʻina Hope (Pili) – Direct Objects
Sometimes, we need to include what someone does an action to, as in “I eat poi.” This “object” of the action (i.e., the poi) is known in Hawaiian as a Haʻina Hope and it must be marked with a kuʻi, which joins the Haʻina Hope to the rest of the sentence. When the Haʻina Hope is a haʻi inoa laulā, then the kuʻi is “i,” as seen in the following examples:
Manaʻo Haʻi Kumu Haʻi Kuʻi Haʻina Hope Pili
ʻAi au i ka poi. ʻAi au i ka poi
I eat poi.
Kōkua aku ʻoe i nā keiki. Kōkua aku ʻoe i nā keiki
You help the children.
Inu ʻo Mikiʻala i ka wai hua ʻai. Inu ʻo Mikiʻala i ka wai hua ʻai
Mikiʻala drinks juice.
Nānā aku nā ʻōpio i ke kīwī. Nānā aku nā ʻōpio i ke kīwī
The teenagers watch t.v.
If the Haʻina Hope is a haʻi inoa kanaka (Pele, Kaleolani) or a pani inoa (ʻoe, mākou, etc.), the kuʻi is “iā.”
Manaʻo Haʻi Kumu Haʻi Kuʻi Hope Pili
Kōkua aku ʻoe iā Nāhulu. Kōkua aku ʻoe iā Nāhulu
You help Nāhulu.
Nānā mai nā ʻōpio iā mākou. Nānā mai nā ʻōpio iā mākou
The teenagers watch us.
Mālama ʻo Kapua iā Kaleonui. Mālama ʻo Kapua iā Kaleonui.
Kapua cares for Kaleonui.
Aloha kou tūtū iā ʻoe. Aloha kou tūtū iā ʻoe
Your grandma loves you.
Mahalo ʻo Laniākea iā ia. Mahalo ʻo Laniākea iā ia
Laniākea admires him/her.
When the Haʻina Hope is “me” as in “The teacher helps me,” then the kuʻi and the Haʻina Hope are combined into a single word, “iaʻu.” This may have been derived following years of saying “iā au” and pronunciation changed to “iaʻu.” For grammatical purposes, we think of the “i” in “iaʻu” as the kuʻi.
Manaʻo Haʻi Kumu Haʻi Kuʻi+Haʻina Hope
Mālama ʻo ʻOnipaʻa iaʻu. Mālama ʻo ʻOnipaʻa iaʻu.
ʻOnipaʻa takes care of me.
Kōkua mai koʻu makua iaʻu. Kōkua mai koʻu makua iaʻu.
My parent helps me.
Aloha mai ʻo ia iaʻu. Aloha mai ʻo ia iaʻu.
She/he loves me.
When haʻi inoa kanaka appear in the Kumu Haʻi, they must be preceded by ʻo.
(Kōkua ʻo Mikiʻala iā Nāhulu.)
4. Haʻina Hope (Pili ʻOle) – Indirect Objects
Haʻina Hope also describe when things happen and where they happen (as we saw in Mokuna #7). Again, each Haʻina Hope must have a kuʻi. The kuʻi for time and place are either i or ma.
Manaʻo Haʻi Kumu Haʻi Kuʻi Haʻina Hope Pili ʻOle
ʻŌmaʻimaʻi au i ke kakahiaka. ʻŌmaʻimaʻi au i ke kakahiaka
Kolohe nā keiki i ka Pōʻakahi. Kolohe nā keiki i ka Pōʻakahi
Hele mai lāua i koʻu hale. Hele mai lāua i koʻu hale.
Hoʻi aku lākou i ka hale. Hoʻi aku lākou i ka hale.
Piʻi aʻe ke keiki i ke kumu lāʻau. Piʻi aʻe ke keiki i ke kumu lāʻau
Noho iho au ma ka papa. Noho iho au ma ka papa
